Harlem Renaissance Poets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Harlem Renaissance Poets - Research Paper Example Some of the luminaries of the Harlem Renaissance poetry include Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Johnson, Countee Cullen and James Weldon. Langston Hughes (1902-1967) James Langston Hughes was born in 1902 in Missouri. He was educated at Columbia University and traveled often to Africa and Europe while working as a seaman. He published his first poetry book, Weary Blues, in 1924 in Washington. He contributed to the Renaissance movement through portraying the nature of Black life in American society. He engaged his work with jazz, thus appealing to the African-American masses during the Harlem Renaissance of 1920s. His work ‘The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ contributed much to expressing the Black struggles, love for music, and suffering in the society. He is considered as the most prolific Black poet during the Renaissance period. ‘The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ His poem â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ clearly demonstrates some elements of double consciousne ss. The poem articulates the long struggles of Black people and speaks of the struggles of the African Americans with their own identity. It speaks of the injustice to W.E.B DuBois and symbolically represents the life of Blacks in the life of the ‘River’. ... Accordingly, Hughes asserts that ‘I looked upon the Nile and raised pyramids above it’ (Hughes, 1994, l.6) and also ‘I built my hut near Congo and it lulled me to sleep.’ The two statements indicate the awareness of origin of Black people and the need to return to the African continent. In addition, Hughes claims that ‘I heard the singing of Mississippi’ (Hughes, 1994, l.7) and seen its ‘muddy’ turn all ‘golden’ to ‘sunset’ (Hughes, 1994, l.7). The statement reminds the Blacks of the emancipation of Black people through the end of slavery in the Southern States. The use of river symbolizes ancient times. The main themes in the poem are an expression of the Black heritage and cultural history such as the pyramids and huts. Another theme is the battle for cultural identity in the American society and end of slavery. The symbolism defines the past struggles and calls for the unity of African Americans in expre ssing their identity. The imagery such as pyramids demonstrates the background and origins of the Black people. The ‘blood flow’ symbolizes the historical struggles in ending slavery in the South. The poem highlights the economic and social inequalities that are faced by Black Americans and identity conflict that lead to low self-esteem. Claude McKay He was born in Jamaica in 1890 and died in 1940. He moved to the United States to attend Tuskegee Institute, but later moved to Kansas State University to study agriculture. He used his poetry work to demonstrate the negative impact of injustices that were faced by the Blacks in America. His poems focus on social and political life of the Blacks and his passion for his homeland Jamaica. His poems contributed to setting the tone of

E-Sport is a Real Sport Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-Sport is a Real Sport - Annotated Bibliography Example This article explores the advent of the internet protocol television and how it relates to e-sports. It focuses on StarCraft 2 and discusses how they use internet protocol television as a means to quickly distribute content. The arguments presented in the paper concur with the idea that e-sport is an innovative activity that heavily relies on new technology, besides being an activity that is fully amerced in the virtual world. In relation to my thesis, this article shows that E-sport can be played online and have an audience. This article explores the question as to whether e-sport is a sport. Additionally, it discusses the play and bonuses that players receive from sponsors. In this article, the play and bonuses are compared to e-sport in the virtual world and doping in the real world sports. The similarities in structures in games and other mediums are also discussed, particularly the appearance of sports managers for each player. Besides, a setup of the development of e-sport is provided in the article. This is useful in understanding the origin and development of e-sport. Importantly, the article tries to explore the problem by giving a clear and inclusive definition of sport. It argues that the efforts to define sport fail  to cover the full concept that ought to be involved in the definition of sport (Mora& Stephane, 2003). This is, therefore, a significant topic for e-sport since the industry has experienced a lot of opposition by referring to themselves as e-sports. Under the ideas presented in this article, e-sport would inevitably be considered a sport and any argument raised against it would be deemed invalid. Although this does not fully resolve the issue, it provides a significant support not only for e-sports but also for other industries that would like to be considered sports.  Ã‚  

Support and Care for Geriatric Issues

Support and Care for Geriatric Issues TASK I- Identify and critically analyse the kinds of support and access to community support services in Kindly Residential Care Rest Home clients with these types of geriatric problems may need. You are required to prepare a report for the next board meeting. Elderly patients who have degenerative diseases, specifically dementia, have the right to be involved with the decisions about their care, like for instance the medical interventions, nursing interventions, the kind and amount food that are given to them, the ambulation, the routine care, and the hospice care. When you ask for a consent to do examinations and medical interventions, you have to bare in mind that that the patient is able to manifest their ability to account the advantages and disadvantages of the decision. Whether or not an individual has the capacity to assimilate information , make a decision and accountable for the consequences of the decision is a clinical evaluation; it is not a question of legal capacity. Furthermore, persons with mild-to-moderate dementia are to make some decisions. They may be able to participate in decision making but impaired memory recall might preclude their ability to demonstrate that they understand the treatment options (Moye et al., 2004). Consequently, it is always better to discover the patient’s authentic wants, needs and preferences rather than to immediately resort to significant others or other teams to take over for decision making. Patients whose cognitive status is unclear or fluctuates need protection from two types of mistakes: first, mistakenly preventing capacitive patients from directing the course of their healthcare; second, failing to protect incapacitated patients from the harmful effects of their decisions (Sherry A. Greenberg, PhD(c) MSN, GNP-BC New York University College of Nursing, 2012). There is no criterion for capacity determination. A Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination score below 19 or above 23 is one proposed means to differentiate those with capacity from those who lack capacity for healthcare decision making (Karlawish et al., 2005). The patient’s ability to appreciate the consequences of a decision is a highly valued standard of decision making among healthcare professionals (Volicer Ganzini, 2003). However, there are also support organizations in New Zealand that caters health services to elderly with dementia. There are actually a lot of these organizations but I chose only 5 of them. The organizations are as follow: Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated One of the non-for-profit organizations is the Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated. It has 21 Alzheimers member organisations throughout the New Zealand which provides support, datas, learning programmes and services applicable within their affiliate environment. They intend to give information and recommend high standards of teaching and instruction for people with dementia, their carers and families and health professionals. They also look forward to the needs of the people with dementia with regards to their careers through provision of national advocacy and they also raise government awareness over them. In addition, they provide support to all member organisations, and most of all they give importance to the Treaty of Waitangi by developing a working relationship with MÄ ori in the provision of dementia services. SuperGold Card The SuperGold Card is like an ATM card as you can see it physically. It is not inserted through any machine but instead, this card gives discounts and concessions for veterans in New Zealand as a recognition of their contribution to the society. The SuperGold Card offers fa range of businesses like when you buy something in grocery stores, pharmacies or any other departments. This card also gives a reduced price for government privilege including public transportation and discounted services from local agency. Deaf Aotearoa The path to and promotion of New Zealand sign language is the main focus of this organisation. They promote awareness to elderly with hearing disability on how to use the accepted and universal sign language for them to communicate to other individuals. Deaf Aotearoa also helps impose the rights of deaf people. They also give the people the self-esteem to be an functional part of the general public. Deaf Aotearoa, like Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated, is also a non-for-profit organisation. They are the only provider of services to Deaf people and gives information on a class of services, including legal counsel, learning opportunities and employment concerns in New Zealand. Service coordination, employment consultancy, equipment services, community relations and transition programmes are Deaf Aotearoa’s primary services. They also cater access to information and services, encourages Deaf New Zealanders to follow favorable circumstance that will enhance their lives, be self-reliant and to follow their dreams, facilitates ongoing scholastic analysis and provides measure for local and national government. They also boost for a better pathway to opportunities and services. 4. Age Concern Age Concern is dedicated to help or encourage individuals especially elderly to a better health and well being, their rights, admiration and nobility for aged people. Through a domestic office and a nationwide system of connection of 35 Age Concerns, they provide an act of helpful activity, facts and agency to older people in response to their needs. Their vision is to value older people and live in a comprehensive environment. This means that golden-aged people should be treated equally and that they live a quality of life where everyone is whole and benefit abundantly from the fullness of life. Though New Zealand hasnt achieved this yet, but they are doing their very best by conducting meetings and gatherings in order to uplift the standards of their organisation, as well as resolving some issues in connection with them. 5. Nelson Grey Power Association Nelson Grey Power is a hallway organization encouraging to promote the felicity and healthfulness of those people who reached 50 years old and above. Grey Power are publicized as â€Å"the voice of the over 50s† and have prosperously implemented to enhance the drivers licensing process for the senior citizens even those who aged 50 years old and above. In addition, Grey Power has enormous impact and influence in the Country (New Zealand) due to the countless number of senior citizens population. On the other hand, there are also service provisions that gives services and assists the elderly with dementia. Like for instance, the hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, independent living and early intervention. Hospitals all around New Zealand does not only cater help and remedy to those who are in pain, injured and sick. They also specialise and assist on some disorders like those who experiences dementia and other degenerative diseases that occur during aging. They have what they called dementia unit inside the hospital where they are being took good care of by the healthcare providers. These healthcare providers include the medical doctors who specialise dementia, nurses, healthcare assistants, medical technology and caregivers; all who keep in touch in course of managing the patients condition. These multidisciplinary team work hard to lessen the symptoms felt by the patient as this, dementia, really progresses badly. They treat every patient wholly and equally in any walks of life. Other establishments that provide services to the elderly are those in the Hospice. From the word hospice, it literally means a place that provides care for people who are dying. This is an adjunct or supplementary care given to those people whose living days can be counted by the fingers. Hospice gives patients and their significant support and care from an multidisciplinary team that includes experts in end-of-life care. Hospice interdisciplinary team are learned enough about common signs and symptoms that may happen in patients with severe Alzheimers disease. Nursing home is the common house for elderly in New Zealand. Due to various and loads of work for the productive-aged individuals, they tend to send their loved ones (ages 60 and above) to such nursing homes. Elderly sent at nursing home dont mean they are unable to do their daily routine. They are able but they need assistance of another person. That help can be done by their significant others or they can hire a caregiver at home, but, the setting inside the nursing home is very therapeutic to elderly most especially if they need other companions in their lives. The Early Intervention Service medical team gives central nationwide buildup and appointment to Tairawhiti, Hawkes Bay, Whanganui, Tairawhiti, Whanganui, Wairarapa and MidCentral, as well providing the medical services for District health board (Kapiti ,Wellington and Porirura) and Hutt District Health Board. The Early Intervention Service is an ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’ assistance. This means that they helping young people who is experiencing psychosis. They also provide a assistance to people from aged 13 to 25 who are going through psychosis for the first time, or who have not received any treatment for such condition. Independent Living Service in New Zealand promotes self-worth for elderly. With this service provsion, they are being taught how to do their daily routine with some assistance. It is important that they are still able to do the activities of daily living so that they will feel how the world will value them, and that the community sees how vital their roles are in the society. TASK II- Identify the impacts on the relationships between these stakeholders provide alternative measures to support, minimise or remove the identified negative impacts. â€Å"Dementia; a Cancer?† Not all what you knew is true and correct. You know what dementia is, but you dont know the whole thing about it. Yes! you heard it right. There many mythical or unclear beliefs about the disease that produced into a Stigma. The way you treat a person with Dementia is so poor. It seems like a person is dying because he/she is having a Cancer. But that shouldnt be that way. There are some certain things you need to know about the disease. Due to these negative opinions that brought about by these normal people, it created a bad, big impact to those who are affected by such condition. Such stigma impacts are as follows: a. Social isolation of the individual and their family People who are affected with dementia should not feel isolated. They should be kept in touch with their loved ones and the world, especially with the community. Let them feel their self-worth thru giving them reasons why should they have to live in this world. Show to them how world and the community needs them and that you have valued a lot their contributions to our progressive country. b. Assumption of automatic lost of independence Elderly with Dementia should be treated fairly. They are not incapacity to treat them like a child. You can assist them with their daily activities in life like changing clothes, taking a bath or performing their necessities. Do not do everything on your own because they are still able, especially those who are in mild dementia and moderate dementia category. You can even assist them during decision making and determine their options so that you will know where to intervene. The first thing you have to remember when making a decision is always their safety and security. Unable to make decisions about own care When you say dementia, it has three categories. The mild, moderate and severe dementia. Elderly with mild and moderate dementia are able to make their own decisions but they should be guided. They are also trainable but you should always have an eye for them in order to be safe. d. Dissatisfying interactions with the medical community As normal individuals we should always have to remember that we are the functional system in the community as well as any other area we are. As a productive ones, we should always give favor to those who are not. Like the elderly with dementia, they are ill but they are still conscious about the environment. They are having hard times understanding about something but you should always bare in mind that you are there to assist them. As a healthcare provider, it is in your responsibility to be therapeutic to your patients. So you should remain to be in that way. No matter how bad the experience may be, you should always have to give them chance to interact with you. e. Uncertainty of support services and treatments Dementia is not a cancer and there are certain assistance, support and treatments to those who are affected by it. The notion of bring hopeless situation to those who are affected by it are just a hearsay. Never ever believe on it. You have to read more about dementia and you can merely conclude the truth about the disease on your own. One day you will realize that the the things you knew your good at might be wrong. Reading is a good hobby, and a hobby will become an excellent habit. The best teacher is ourselves alone; learn it from your experience and relate it with your intelligence. Recommendation â€Å"Prevention is better than cure† I would like to recommend this work to everyone since having dementia can occur in an early stage of life. To prevent such disease, we should always bare in mind the things that we are doing right now, if these things can contribute to this degenerative diseases and how can we, as individuals, prevent these degenerative diseases. I specifically recommend this to the secondary students, because this is the stage in life where the act of bullying is more common. This is to help them prevent such act and will also help them understand what dementia is really all about, and if they happen to see elderly in the community who wanders every time, they wont be that surprised to see it in actual setting. On the other hand, I also would like to recommend my work to the adults so that they will be knowledgeable enough about the disease. We are also going through the same pathway as our elderly have been before, and they may be experiencing such degenerative disease in the future. I also would like this to be read by health professionals like the nurses, healthcare assistants down to caregivers who are working in an establishments where heaps of patients are affected by such condition. Conclusion Generally speaking, Dementia can happen to anyone. It doesnt choose people. Even rich people can be affected by such disease as we aged. We have to be mindful of the things around us. We all have to work hand in hand for our treasures (elderly) in life. The better way to make life harmonious to live is to accept and love more our grandmothers and grandfathers. We have to take good care of them and respect them as much as we respect ourselves, so that we will receive the same amount and may be more about the things we want to receive in the future, as we aged. Bibliography WHO (1990). Dementia: a public health priority. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/dementia_report_2012/en/ Joan M. Erikson (1998). The Generational Link. The Life Cycle Completed Extended Version, pages 66-71 Alzheimers New Zealand (2012). What is Dementia?. Retrieved from http://www.alzheimers.org.nz/about-dementia/what-is-dementia

Analysis of Shoeless Joe by by W. P. Kinsella :: W. P. Kinsella Essays

Ray Kinsella helped other people fulfill their dreams by traveling for miles to find them, and bring them back to his field of dreams. In the book Shoeless Joe, W.P. Kinsella wrote about how some people were missing something in their lives, but they found what they had been looking for when they arrived at Ray’s field. Ray built a baseball field to fulfill his unfulfilled dreams of the past. Ray’s father died when he was a teenager, so Ray did not get to spend much time with him. Ray had always longed to see his father again and this dream came true when he built the field. Others had unquenchable dreams like Ray. Archibald Graham never got to bat in the majors, and that was what was missing in his life. When Archie Graham came to Ray’s field, he found the thread that tied the meaning of his life together. Eddie Scissons also had an unrealized dream, all his life he had lied about himself being the oldest living Chicago Cub, but he was only looking for the recognition that he had always dreamt of having. When he came to Ray’s field, he no longer had to lie about himself being the oldest living Chicago Cub, for that’s exactly what he became. Ray’s field of dreams helped fulfill the dreams of other men besides himself, and it made all the men very happy to finally find what they have been looking for all their lives. Ray Kinsella was called upon by forces left unknown to the readers and himself to go on both a physical journey as well as a journey of the heart. After hearing voices proclaiming, "If you build it, they will come," Ray risked the economic and emotional stability of the family he loved dearly to build a baseball field. At first, Ray Kinsella was highly skeptical, but eventually he realized the significance of his obscure calling. Upon the completion of the baseball field, "Shoeless Joe Jackson", the baseball player who had been his father’s hero before he passed away, suddenly appeared in the field to talk with Ray and to play baseball. As the book progressed, Ray continued to receive messages. After each new message, Ray was called upon to further his journey. This journey involved traveling to various cities around the United States, as well as facing issues within himself that he has successfully hidden from for years. He built the field to fulfill his unfulfilled dreams of the past. The one thing that Ray was missing in his life was that he never went to a live baseball game with his father.

A million dollars or a knighthood: what would you choose and why?

I hardly hesitated for a second before deciding my answer to this question. I would choose the money every time. Not that I am a particularly greedy person or that I don’t appreciate the ability of a title to ensure a decent table in a restaurant or a better seat on a plane. But the latter only works if the other person is impressed by a title.Money is much more versatile. And it grows. With the proper advice and investments I could not only meet my own needs, but I could make even more money and so be able to help a wider number of good causes.Even if all I did was invest the money in a luxurious house I would be helping others because of the number of people involved – lawyers, estate agents, builders, garden designers etc.All this isn’t what I’d really do though. I would buy a mobile home and travel first before deciding where to settle. I would be able to do something really useful such as fund a new well in a remote village or buy animals and seeds fo r a third world agricultural project.   Many charities have a titled person as a sponsor, just because, in some cases at least, they think that a title on the headed notepaper will impress. I am still to be convinced.And if I wanted status I could always use a little of the money to buy an ancient title such as the ones advertised on the web site Noble Titles Their prices start from only  £2,000 and I would by far above any Sir and still have plenty of money in my pocket.Titles do not pay bills, not do they fill larders, ensure commonsense or anything else really worthwhile, though I do admit that money does not quite do all of those. The title Sir was often bestowed by a grateful sovereign on some brave hero. I am just not that brave and will settle for the money. Where do I sign?

Mexican Culture Essay

Food if one of the aesthetic identification of culture and tradition as it marks its progress from generation to generation, and history to history. Mexican cooking began with the arrival of humans in Mexico and as various cultures influence their cuisine, the tradition and cultural background of their menu have began to evolve. Mexican food, as we know it today, has had its primary origin in the 16th century from the introduction of European plants and food products by Spanish conquerors. This traditional mix-up has provided modification in their cuisine, which is currently evident in the Mexican food tradition. Aside from its exquisite delicacy and characteristics, Mexican food provides therapeutic function and use commonly in homemade treatment proceedings. The herbs and ingredients in the Mexican food are the key points for the provision of therapeutic action. Mexican herbs are unique in their own way. The characteristic of these herbs are the essential contributing factor for this therapy to be possible. In the course of our discussion, the Mexican culture, evidently in terms of food- wine and restaurants, shall be the primary focus of the study. The involvements of wine and food, in the sense of therapeutic action, as the primary traditional influence shall be elaborated and defined in the study. The influence of food and herbs in Mexican traditional therapy shall be also tackled in the course of discussion. Lastly, we shall explore the San Francisco California Bay and the Mexican celebration of Cinco de Mayo. The Mexican culture possesses a heritage in every unique aspect that greatly denounces its aesthetic value. Home or Traditional Therapies – Food and Herbs The Mexican traditions are composed of exquisite herbs and ingredients that provide therapeutic effects. The traditional home of Mexicans possesses no or less frequently refrigerating facility, supplies designed for classical lifestyle, and tradition rich in practical home-therapies; hence, they are more accustomed in their traditional therapeutic intervention utilizing their natural sources. In fact, Mexican possesses evident indulgence in their traditions that they prefer to have their food, and other home condiments in natural estate or made from nature-oriented proceeding. This greatly improves their health conditions, and provides them with practical source of therapeutic interventions. The basic feature of Mexican foods is its unique way of expressing its spiciness and traditional aroma. One of the spices that provide therapeutic effects in the body is the Capsaicin, which is a primary constituent of peppers such as the jalapeno and the habanero. Capsaicin has several uses, including use in personal defense sprays and as to relieve arthritis pain. When first applied to skin, capsaicin causes local heating and irritation. However, after repeated use, the area becomes desensitized to pain without loss of the sense of touch (Fox & Whitesell, 1997 p. 550). Capsaicin pepper has been found to work as an anticoagulant, thus possibly helping to prevent heart attacks or strokes caused by the formation of clots in blood vessels. It also stimulates the production of endorphins, which is the body’s natural painkillers, and kills the stomach bacterium known to cause ulcers. Another pepper is the Cayene, which is an important constituent of Mexican hot sauce. Cayene adds the spicy zip to many ethnic foods, such as Thai and Mexican food, and can be used in marinades and barbecue sauces. This pepper is rich in vitamin C, A, B-complex, E and other minerals (Balch, p. 147 2003). Another food ingredient of Mexican foods that possesses therapeutic aid is the pumpkin seeds. The seeds from the pumpkin, also known as pepitas, are popular ingredient in Mexican dishes, and are available with or without their shells. This pepitas provide essential means of treating constipation due to its fiber content. Moreover, it is blended with Mexican traditional recipes such as burittos or Nachos, not only to provide exquisite taste but also to institute unique flavoring. These pepitas are high in calories and insoluble fibers, which help primarily in inducing in digestive tract thereby facilitating decrease of occurrence of constipation (Gilbert, 2000 p. 178). In terms of Mexican wine, it provides unique blends of tradition served in stemmed glasses. Wine is the usual pair of Mexican foods in order to suit the spiciness of the dishes. Mexican wine classifications possess the usual red and white wine, which are primarily obtained from fruits mixed with spices. The northern end of Baja California is one of the places in Mexico that is known to brew wine at its best (Dumois, n. d). Citizens of Mazahua and Otoml living in Central Mexico drink pulque from childhood, because of both its nutritional properties and scarcity of water. Pulque is an alcoholic beverage obtained from maguey, which composes primarily of complex fruit sugars (Peele & Grant, 1999 p. 93). Wine quickens the pulse, raises the spirits, and prophylactic against disease and as a dietetic aid. It is also used as medicine in acute and chronic diseases. Wine is proven good for cardiovascular system, especially in reducing risks of arteriosclerosis or other cardiovascular-degenerative disorders. Food & Herbs Mexican Traditions Mexican diet of today is rich in a variety of foods and dishes that represent a blend of pre-Columbian, Spanish, French, and more recently, American culture. The typical Mexican diet is rich in complex carbohydrates, provided mainly by corn and corn products, beans, rice, and breads, The typical Mexican diet contains an adequate amount of protein in the forms of beans, eggs, fish and shellfish, and a variety of meats, including beef, pork, poultry, and goat. Because of the extensive use of frying as a cooking method, the Mexican diet is also high in fat. The nutrients most likely to be inadequately provided are calcium, iron, vitamin A, folic acid and vitamin C (Spark, 2007 p. 258). In many cultures, food has symbolic meanings related to family traditions, social status, and even health. Indeed, many folk remedies rely on food. Some of these have gained wide acceptance, such as the use of spices and herbal teas for purposes ranging from allaying anxiety to preventing cancer and heart disease. Mexicans use these herbal teas as dietary or reducing drinks to induce further or hasten metabolism as well as digestive functions. In fact, herbal teas are healthy enough that the old Mexican traditions practice its drinking almost everyday. This tea is composed of basic Mexican herbs, such as cinnamon, parsely, etc. , and blended with intrinsic Mexican spices; hence, some of their teas are blended with mild spiciness (Insel etal, 2004 p. 9). The traditional Mexican diet is rich in fresh vegetables, which are generally used only when in season. The spices used in Mexican cooking are common to many cuisines, and yet, there are a number of seasonings that are unique to Mexican food. Chile peppers are used as a dry spice as well as a fresh ingredient. There are many types, with the most common being ancho, habenero, jalapeno, New Mexican green, New Mexican Red, poblano and Serrano. These peppers range from mild, like poblano, to the extremely hot habanero. Other herbs and spices that flavor Mexican cuisine are anise, cilantro, cinnamon, clove, cumin, garlic, marjoram, Mexican oregano and thyme. The herbs and spices, particularly the Mexican oregano and chilli peppers, are used in various ceremonies and traditional celebrations. The chilli peppers are given to tests the spice tolerance of participants during fiestas. Oregano, on the other hand, is believed by locals to alleviate various diseases and administered via its boiled leaves. Oregano is another traditional Mexican her that cures fever, cough and colds, sore throat problems and sometimes used to treat bruises, insect bites and mild pruritic or fungal infection when used in topical preparation (Koeller & La France, 2005 p. 222). Another Mexican herb that provides utmost therapeutic effects is Ginger, which is technically a rhizome or underground stem. This is used in variety of meals ranging from simple porridge to complex traditional meal. Mexican ginger is good at alleviating gastrointestinal tract symptoms, such as motion sickness, gastric musculature or tachygastria and gastric immobility. It is usually prescribed by the locals for treating hyperacidity, and abdominal pains related to acidic conditions. Moreover, ginger is also used to treat conditions involving throat spasms by functioning as a throat relaxant and relieving throat irritation (Koeller & La France, 2005 p. 222). Mexican culture and tradition involves variety of herbs that are, basically, the ingredients of most of their traditional meal such as the ever-famous burritos and nachos, and the wines and teas provide therapeutic benefits as well. San Francisco California Bay The Mexican American population is evidently present in the San Francisco California Bay area. From the San Francisco’s Mission District to San Jose, Chicanos possesses the highest population index, ranging from 65% to 80% of the residents, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mexican immigrants feel at home in these areas already even if they are living with American citizens. However, population project is one major problem occurring at this point. Demographic studies predict that the greatest population growth rates of Mexican immigrants will be from the influx of undocumented individuals. Mexican immigrants are also expected to have high fertility rates, creating a younger generation of American-born children whose immigrant parents make an â€Å"at risk† population (Gilbert, 2000 p. 178). Cinco de Mayo and Mexican Restaurants Talking now about the famous Mexican restaurants found in the area, Cinco de Mayo Taqueria is the starting point of discussion. The name of Cinco de Mayo meand 5th day of May in Spanish, and denotes a regional celebration or holiday. Although this is not an obligatory holiday, there are lots of individual going and participating in this one time per year celebration. Cinco de Mayo, or May 5, commemorates the Mexican victory over the French army at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862. It is not, as many people think, Mexico’s Independence Day, which is actually Sept. 16. During this Cinco de Mayo, many people are turning to tequila and cerveza, Spanish for beer, to celebrate another holiday that for some means nothing more than another excuse to drink exorbitant amounts of alcohol. Commonly misinterpreted as Mexico’s Independence Day, Cinco de Mayo’s meaning has been clouded by partying. In Mexico, Cinco de Mayo is celebrated throughout the country, especially in the state of Puebla and in Mexico City. Military parades complete with marching bands and traditional music, pay tribute to all the soldiers, civilians and heroes who gave their lives for their country. The celebration lasts all day, with food, dancing, mariachi bands, laughter and fellowship (McClenahan, 2005). Ironically, celebrations of Cinco de Mayo are more widespread and elaborate in the United States. Mexican American communities in states such as Texas, California, and Arizona celebrate this occasion with parades, fairs, marchias, folkloric dance, and the best of all is the Mexican cuisines (McClenahan, 2005). Moreover, Cinco de Mayo of 1989 illustrates how women worked to bridge ethnic and racial groups in a public way while expressing their own identities. Cinco de Mayo is an ethnic festival, which is the same as St. Patrick’s Day, that has transcended ethnic barriers. The Mexican community and even other ethnic diversion from different places and culture gather in this party. In the United States, Cinco de Mayo is a major cultural festival, wherever significant numbers of people boast Mexican descent. Throughout the Southwest, people of all ethnicities gather to eat Mexican food and drink Mexican beer, wine and other alcoholic beverages (McClenahan, 2005). People from other ethnic origins join this huge festivity every year and celebrate the Mexican culture. The basic interest of other ethnic groups in joining this celebration is rarely due to historical reasons, but most of the time, to celebrate the exquisite characteristics and features of Mexican culture. Reference Balch, P. A. (2003). Prescription for Dietary Wellness. Avery. Dumois, L. (n.d. ). INSIDE MEXICO – THE SERIES: THE SPIRIT OF WINE.Retrieved November 11, 2007, from http://www. mexconnect. com/mex_/travel/ldumois/ldcwine1. html Fox, M. , & Whitesell, J. K. (1997). Organic Chemistry. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Gilbert, M. N. (2000). Virtues of Soy: A Practical Health Guide and Cookbook. Upublish. com. Insel et. al, P. M. (2004). Nutrition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Koeller, K. , & La France, R. (2005). Let’s Eat Out! : Your Passport to Living Gluten and Allergy Free. R & R Publishing. McClenahan, B. (2005, May 5). Oregon students celebrate Cinco de Mayo. University Wire, (n. d. ). Central Mexican Culture. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Colibri: http://www. colibrimexicanbistro. com/ (n. d. ). Mamacita. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Mamacita: http://www. mamacitasf. com/ (n. d. ). Tres Agaves. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from Tres Agaves: http://www. tresagaves. com/about. html Peele, S. , & Grant, M. (1999). Alcohol and Pleasure: A Health Perspective. Psychology Press. Spark, A. (2007). Nutrition in Public Health: Principles, Policies, and Practice. CRC Press.

30 Best Marketing Books to Get Remarkable Results in 2019

30 Best Marketing Books to Get Remarkable Results in 2019 Leaders are readers. Top CEOs read a book per week. A study of 1,200 incredibly successful  people showed they had one thing in common: They self-educate by reading. When asked how he learned to build rockets, Elon Musk said, â€Å"I read books.† Bill Gates says  he learns by visiting interesting places, meeting with scientists, and watching lectures online†¦   Ã¢â‚¬Å"But reading is still the main way that i both learn new things and test my understanding.† You’ve heard the crazy stat about Warren Buffet, too right? The billionaire investor reads 500 pages  every day. Check this out, 42% of college grads  will never read a book again after college. So, you want a competitive advantage? Buffet recently explained the value of reading  this way: â€Å"That’s how knowledge works. It builds up, like compound interest. All of you can do it, but I guarantee not many of you will do it.† World-class leaders read broadly  (and often). Marketers are no different. We’re a breed who lives in a fast-paced, rapidly-evolving, wickedly high-stress world. If you stop growing (or even slow down) the few who apply their minds to master new skills and assimilate knowledge will outpace you. It’s just how things work. Since you’re reading this, I know that isn’t you. So, if you’re the kinda’ marketer who is: Competitive and wants to achieve real marketing success†¦ Hungry  for personal and  professional development†¦ Ready to outpace your competition  (and even yourself) Then I have two amazing things for you. First, I have this curated list of the 10 best marketing books for you to read this year. Second, I’m going to give you a shortcut in the line to your next promotion. You can grab the first chapter of 10x Marketing Formula: Your Blueprint For Creating ‘Competition-Free Content That Stands Out And Gets Results  for free! in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Pyrrhic Victory - Origin of the Term

Pyrrhic Victory - Origin of the Term A Pyrrhic victory is a type of win that actually inflicts so much destruction on the victorious side that it is basically tantamount to defeat. A side that wins a Pyrrhic victory is considered ultimately victorious, but the tolls suffered, and the future impact those tolls, work to negate the feeling of actual achievement. This is sometimes referred to as a ‘hollow victory’. Examples: For instance, in the world of sports, if team A defeats team B in a regular season game, but team A loses its best player to a season-ending injury during the game, that would be considered a Pyrrhic victory. Team A won the current contest, however losing their best player for the remainder of the season would take away from any actual feeling of accomplishment or achievement that the team would typically feel after a victory. Another example could be drawn from the battlefield. If side A defeats side B in a particular battle, but loses a high number of its forces in the battle, that would be considered a Pyrrhic victory. Yes, side A won the particular battle, but the casualties suffered will have severe negative effects from Side A going forward, detracting from the overall feeling of victory. This situation is commonly referred to as â€Å"winning the battle but losing the war.† Origin The phrase Pyrrhic victory originates from King Pyrrhus of Epirus, who in 281 B.C., suffered the original Pyrrhic victory. King Pyrrhus landed on the southern Italian shore with twenty elephants and 25,000-30,000 soldiers ready to defend their fellow Greek speakers (in Tarentum of Magna Graecia) against advancing Roman domination. Pyrrhus won the first two battles that he participated in upon arrival on the southern Italian shore (at Heraclea in 280 BC and at Asculum in 279 BC). However, throughout the course of those two battles, he lost a very high number of his soldiers. With his numbers cut drastically, King Pyrrhus’s army became too thin to last, and they eventually ended up losing the war. In both of his victories over the Romans, the Roman side suffered more casualties than Pyrrhus’ side did. But, the Romans also had a much larger army to work with, and thus their casualties meant less to them than Pyrrhus’s did to his side. The term Pyrrhic victory comes from these devastating battles. Greek historian Plutarch described King Pyrrhus’s victory over the Romans in his Life of Pyrrhus: â€Å"The armies separated; and, it is said, Pyrrhus replied to one that gave him joy of his victory that one other such victory would utterly undo him. For he had lost a great part of the forces he brought with him, and almost all his particular friends and principal commanders; there were no others there to make recruits, and he found the confederates in Italy backward. On the other hand, as from a fountain continually flowing out of the city, the Roman camp was quickly and plentifully filled up with fresh men, not at all abating in courage for the loss they sustained, but even from their very anger gaining new force and resolution to go on with the war.†

Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk

Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk Use common kitchen materials to make your own glue. Add vinegar to milk, separate the curds, and add baking soda and water. Voila, youve got glue! Difficulty: AverageTime required: 15 minutes Materials 1/4 cup hot water1 tbsp vinegar2 tbsp powdered dry milk1/2 tsp baking sodaWater How to Make It Mix 1/4 cup hot tap water with 2 tbsp powdered milk. Stir until dissolved.Stir 1 tbsp of vinegar into the mixture. The milk will begin to separate into solid curds and watery whey. Continue stirring until the milk is well-separated.Pour the curds and whey into a coffee filter positioned over a cup. Slowly lift the filter, draining the whey. Keep the curd, which is in the filter.Squeeze the filter to remove as much liquid as possible from the curd. Discard the whey (i.e., pour it down a drain) and return the curd to a cup.Use a spoon to break the curd into small pieces.Add 1 tsp hot water and 1/8 to 1/4 tsp baking soda to the chopped curd. Some foaming may occur (carbon dioxide gas from the reaction of baking soda with vinegar).Mix thoroughly until the glue becomes smooth and more liquid. If the mixture is too thick, add a bit more water. If the glue is too lumpy, add more baking soda.The finished glue can vary in consistency from a thick liquid to a thick paste, depending on how much water has been added, how much curd was present, and how much baking soda was added. Use your glue as you would any school paste. Have fun!When not in use, cover your cup of glue with plastic wrap. Over time, its consistency will become smoother and more clear.Unrefrigerated glue will spoil after 24 to 48 hours. Discard the glue when it develops a spoiled milk smell. Tips for Success The separation of curds and whey works best when the milk is warm or hot. This  is why powdered milk is recommended for this project.If the separation doesnt work well, heat the milk or add a bit more vinegar. If it still doesnt work, start again with warmer water.Clean dried glue by loosening/dissolving it in warm water and wiping it away. Glue will wash out of clothes and off surfaces. Reaction Between Milk and Vinegar Mixing milk and vinegar (weak acetic acid) produces a chemical reaction that forms a polymer called casein. Casein is essentially a natural plastic. The casein molecule is long and pliable, which makes it perfect for forming a flexible bond between two surfaces. The casein curds may be molded and dried to form hard objects that are sometimes called milk pearls. When a small amount of baking soda is added to chopped curd, the baking soda (base) and residual vinegar (acid) participate in an acid-base chemical reaction to produce carbon dioxide, water, and sodium acetate. The carbon dioxide bubbles escape, while the sodium acetate solution combines with the casein curds to form a sticky glue. The thickness of the glue depends on the amount of water present, so it can be either a sticky paste (minimal water) or a thin glue (more water).

Economics of carbon cap and trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of carbon cap and trade - Essay Example al Protection Agency (EPA) is charged with responsibility of providing the federal and the central government with adequate information on the level of emissions as well as the greatest contributors towards such emissions. Some of the enactments include carbon tax, emission standards, fuel economy standard as well as carbon cap and trade (Ramseur, 205). Carbon cap and trade refers to a system of emission control that uses financial incentives with an aim of encouraging firms and organizations to minimize the level of carbon dioxide that they emit to the atmosphere. A major regulatory body such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a general limit or a cap of carbon dioxide emissions in a particular year then assigns the figure to the major polluters based on the level that they are likely to emit. The firms that wish to emit more than their cap allows will be forced to buy permits from those firms that are currently emitting less than they are allowed to emit into the atmosphere. The permits are either bought directly from the companies or are bought and sold through electronic exchanges. This program has proved successful in the European Union countries resulting in huge revenues being raised by those governments thus boosting their economies as well as regulating the amount of carbon emissions. However in the United States, only few states have been able to implement it and the main concern being raised currently is whether the central government can adopt and implement it in the entire nation. The regulation has brought about sharp criticism from some members of the political class even as some seem to be in support of it. There are several implications that must be considered carefully before the program is established and therefore this research aims at considering the economic implications of the project. Economic conditions entail the manner by which implementation of carbon cap and trade policy will affect the economy in

R. Twining and Company Limited Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

R. Twining and Company Limited - Assignment Example These may be seen as primary areas for Twining’s to focus on in the development of a future marketing strategy. Unilever’s second tea brand â€Å"Lipton† has had considerable success in marketing its range of products including iced teas at a relatively young market segment. This may be seen as an area further development. Changing consumer demands have seen a need for producers to change product portfolios in recent years. In general the customer may be seen as looking for healthier option moving away from instant tea and toward alternatives such as green and fruit teas (Parsons and MacLaran, 2009) In general customers may be segmented by type of product consumed and by demographic considerations, such as age (Kotler et al 2009). Key customer product segments include general black tea, healthier options such as green and fruit teas and alternatives to traditional products such as iced teas. While the power of the supplier may be seen as relatively low, given the commodity nature of the product (Porter, 2004). The major problem for producers such as Twining’s is that suppliers in recent years have suffered from several years of poor harvests (OECD, 2009, 2010). As such, overall production has fallen and thus an overall rise in prices has been felt in the market. Further distribution takes place in the restaurant and catering sector, Twinings may seek to develop a competitive advantage here marketing their teas and alternatives as a premium product suited to the distribution channel In summary, the external macro environment in which the tea industry operates in may be seen as generally stable with almost static sales volumes and a number of key growth areas. While the market is generally stable, this is the possibility of further rising costs due to environmental concerns in the come seasons (OECD, 2009,

How does the Rule of St. Benedict schedule reflect the medieval world Essay

How does the Rule of St. Benedict schedule reflect the medieval world - Essay Example The medieval worldview revolved around a sense of community rather than individualism. Society was divided into three divisions: those who pray, those who work, and those who fight. These different groups of people had to work together to meet the community’s needs. The values of the medieval world reflected a focus on eternity rather than mortality, an economic structure that privileged land and traditions, and a focus on the community rather than the individual. Monasticism (from Greek ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ±Ãâ€¡ÃÅ'Ï‚, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone) is a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldly pursuits to fully devote oneself to spiritual work (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia). Monks would live in communities and live a life characterized by celibacy, poverty, and obedience. Monks would move into secluded areas, separating themselves from society in order to live as monks under the authority of an abbot. A monk’s daily life was divided into three parts: holy work, holy study, and holy prayer. Monks followed a very strict and rigorous schedule and were expected to do exactly as they were told without any hesitation, delay, grumbling, or complaint (St. Benedict of Nursia 3-4). Everyone living within the community would work together for one common purpose and goal. They all would do holy work, holy prayer, and holy study. Each individual in the monastery had to fulfill his orders and be obedient to make sure the community needs were met. The main value emphasized by monasticism was the priority of the community before the individual. All members of the community must work together to meet a common purpose as heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Monasticism deemphasizes the individual. All members of the religion share the common goal of dwelling in the tabernacle, so they must grow in religious life and faith. They shall learn to follow God’s commandments

Morality of punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Morality of punishment - Essay Example It is important to note that punishment should not be used as to serve an example but as fitting and appropriate for a criminal action. In any criminal proceeding, there is the burden of proof which most often falls upon the victim. It is known that in many circumstances hatred and thoughts of revenge are acceptable in the most heinous of criminal acts (Murphy). In questions of morality, we must examine the victim’s response to the action; does this response indicate to us some degree of what the victim has suffered in order to determine an appropriate deterring punishment? Victim hatred in most cases would lead the justice system more towards a retributive system and in securing these interests more libertarian beliefs may allow for social contractors to maintain a system of revenge beyond what is allowed. Herbert Morris is grounded in his belief that we have the right to punish as well as the criminal right to be punished (Morris). In claiming the right to be free we are in as much agreeing to the doctrines and laws that must followed in order to allow one to remain free. This paper will review and discuss some of the morality issues, questions, and beliefs concerning punishment from several angles. Morality of Punishment To distinguish punishment as an entity that is well defined and definitive is impossible. It is thought by Hegel that free will is such a thing that can have visible existence though it is realized only in the moment or instance that it is manifested; such as in violent actions, force, or in the decision to devoid other’s rights (Hegel, p 87, 2001). Free will is something considered destroyed by violent actions and a principle that is canceled by violence. It is the nature of the human mind to value honor above most other attributes. Kant states that those who commit murder should be inflicted the ultimate punishment of death yet in opposition of this humanity asserts that any capital punishment is wrongful and violates a conta ct of justice and civil behavior (Kant, & Gregor). Punishment is not suffered because one has willed it to be so; rather the individual has willed a punishable action. Crime is a negative judgment in its complete sense; while the right to injure is available, the consequences and punishments are defined. Injury is a right of the criminal and the expression of their inherent will demonstrates the freedom and liberties that are granted (Hegel) It is both reasonable and just that punishments are established and connected with violations of the rights of others (Morris). Those who violate established rules have renounced self-control or self-restraints. It is seen by some that Americans may do as they please provided there is no one willing or able to prove that their actions are fundamentally wrong. This creates situations where victims fall prey to the system and are accounted for by the burden of proof. This in itself constitutes the re-victimizing of a victim. Are criminals granted the right to be protected and shielded from the potential hate and desire for strong revenge from victims? Is this a constitutional or fundamental right that should be ensured in severe cases of victimization? Are victims expected to show little emotion, anger, rage or hatred towards their violator? (Murphy) Those intent on arguing against hatred and rage will state the emotions involved in these situations are

Infection Prevention and Control in Defence Healthcare Essay

Infection Prevention and Control in Defence Healthcare - Essay Example Present and important theories on infection control and prevention will be discussed, as well as the best practices in vogue today. II. What Is an Infection? An infection in medical terms may be defined as the susceptibility of the human body or an area of the human body to be vulnerable to germs (www.cqc.org.uk). These germs enter the body and multiply, causing disease and subsequent discomfort. Infection may be caused by a debilitating disease such as cancer or diabetes, or even be the side effects of treatments being provided to cure or lessen other impacts of life threatening diseases and maladies. In fact, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s and other such conditions in the elderly may cause them to fall and thus result in wounds and infections that if not cared for properly and effectively lead to partial or even permanent immobility. An infection may also be defined as the invasion of foreign cells that cause harm to the host organism. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites can invade the human body at a susceptible location and cause harm to it. Engaging in combat as defense personnel do put them in the front lines of battle and can easily lead to injuries and wounds which can get infected as well. That is why it is important that persons dealing with infection prevention and control such as doctors, nurses, paramedics and surgeons not only have first hand knowledge of the most common types of infections but also how to prevent them or control their spread in the human body. They must not only know the best practices but also take proper and adequate measures when dealing with injured patients who have already contracted infections to prevent them from causing further harm to themselves or the patients (RCN, 2005). III. Kinds of Infections & Their Causes As stated above, there may be many causes of infections. An infection may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or any other kind of parasite. Strep throat infections, urinary tract infectio ns, E.coli and tuberculosis are caused by infections of the lungs and other parts of the body. Bacterial infections include strep throat and impetigo, a skin condition that can be treated with antibiotics that have been created to combat and destroy the specific bacteria causing the infection. Viruses are typically smaller than bacteria and often work by infecting a specific part of a healthy cell, preventing it from doing its work and causing sickness. Influenza and the common cold are two types of common infections caused by bacteria. Sometimes it is worth remembering that bacterial infections occur in coordination or secondary to viral infections, in which case the antibiotic prescribed works to prevent the infection from spreading, while the body is healed through its natural mechanism. The most common types of fungal infection include nail infections, ringworm, athlete’s foot and vaginal yeast infections. Fungal infections are caused either by certain conditions in the b ody or as a result of coming into contact with a person who is so infected. The usual treatment prescribed in this case is oral medication or the application of anti-fungal creams. IV. The Need and Importance of Infection Control We have looked at the different causes of infections and also how they may be spread. The usual method of spreading disease or infection is either

Report BP Main content ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Report BP Main content ONLY - Assignment Example BP was privatised in the 1980s. The United Kingdom (U.K.) and the United States (U.S.) have active and extensive stock and bond markets, and a primary purpose of financial reporting in both countries is to provide investors and creditors (i.e., suppliers of capital) with information useful for decision making. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the U.K. and the U.S. are similar. (Deans, Bob and Peter, 2010, 56) For example, both U.K. and U.S. GAAP require providing for un-collectible accounts and depreciating fixed assets over their useful lives. Nevertheless, differences exist between U.S. GAAP and U.K. GAAP, in terms of accounting standards and financial statement format and terminology. BP uses historical cost accounting, but its income statement also reports replacement cost information about certain earnings components. BP uses the FIFO inventory valuation method. In the U.K., companies may not use the LIFO method for either tax purposes or financial reporting pu rposes. Because under LIFO the costs of the latest goods acquired are treated as the costs of the first goods sold, LIFO based cost of goods sold will approximate cost of goods sold computed on a current or replacement cost basis. ... f gross margin that reflects two components: (a) gross margin on a LIFO basis; and (b) any gains or losses realised over the period from when inventory was acquired until it was sold (referred to as holding gains/ losses or inventory profits/losses). Therefore, gross margin computed under LIFO generally will differ from gross margin computed under FIFO unless changes in inventory costs are small in amount or inventory turns over very rapidly, such that the oldest costs under FIFO approximate current costs. Following graphs describe BP's financial statements and accompanying notes. BP's financial statements, comparative balance sheets, income statements and statements of cash flows are given below. This will build on knowledge of the basic financial statements and of inventory valuation methods. SWOT Analysis on British Petroleum British Petroleum is given position of third largest energy company of the world. BP has its headquarter in the UK and it is as a multinational oil company w hich: Strengths Functions petrochemical businesses globally with the help of its set of connections of other brands and subsidiaries ( Like ARCO; ampm; Amoco and Burmah Castrol etc) Holds prominent position in local Stock Exchange and is included in FTSE 100 Index; Holds enormous amount of trade loyalty in the field of oil; Possesses well-organised management with a slogan of ‘Beyond Petroleum’ . Raised its profit up to 83% for record oil and gas prices. Weaknesses Launch of contentious commerce with the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline; Rise of prices of petrol within the UK; Outburst of British Petroleum plant in Texas resulted in hundred injuries and fifteen deaths; During 2006, Immoral act of spread of 270.000 gallons of crude oil in the Alaskan tundra; Poisonous leak of methanol in the

Infection Prevention and Control in Defence Healthcare Essay

Infection Prevention and Control in Defence Healthcare - Essay Example Present and important theories on infection control and prevention will be discussed, as well as the best practices in vogue today. II. What Is an Infection? An infection in medical terms may be defined as the susceptibility of the human body or an area of the human body to be vulnerable to germs (www.cqc.org.uk). These germs enter the body and multiply, causing disease and subsequent discomfort. Infection may be caused by a debilitating disease such as cancer or diabetes, or even be the side effects of treatments being provided to cure or lessen other impacts of life threatening diseases and maladies. In fact, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s and other such conditions in the elderly may cause them to fall and thus result in wounds and infections that if not cared for properly and effectively lead to partial or even permanent immobility. An infection may also be defined as the invasion of foreign cells that cause harm to the host organism. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites can invade the human body at a susceptible location and cause harm to it. Engaging in combat as defense personnel do put them in the front lines of battle and can easily lead to injuries and wounds which can get infected as well. That is why it is important that persons dealing with infection prevention and control such as doctors, nurses, paramedics and surgeons not only have first hand knowledge of the most common types of infections but also how to prevent them or control their spread in the human body. They must not only know the best practices but also take proper and adequate measures when dealing with injured patients who have already contracted infections to prevent them from causing further harm to themselves or the patients (RCN, 2005). III. Kinds of Infections & Their Causes As stated above, there may be many causes of infections. An infection may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or any other kind of parasite. Strep throat infections, urinary tract infectio ns, E.coli and tuberculosis are caused by infections of the lungs and other parts of the body. Bacterial infections include strep throat and impetigo, a skin condition that can be treated with antibiotics that have been created to combat and destroy the specific bacteria causing the infection. Viruses are typically smaller than bacteria and often work by infecting a specific part of a healthy cell, preventing it from doing its work and causing sickness. Influenza and the common cold are two types of common infections caused by bacteria. Sometimes it is worth remembering that bacterial infections occur in coordination or secondary to viral infections, in which case the antibiotic prescribed works to prevent the infection from spreading, while the body is healed through its natural mechanism. The most common types of fungal infection include nail infections, ringworm, athlete’s foot and vaginal yeast infections. Fungal infections are caused either by certain conditions in the b ody or as a result of coming into contact with a person who is so infected. The usual treatment prescribed in this case is oral medication or the application of anti-fungal creams. IV. The Need and Importance of Infection Control We have looked at the different causes of infections and also how they may be spread. The usual method of spreading disease or infection is either

Guernica and the Torture of Politics Essay Example for Free

Guernica and the Torture of Politics Essay When Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) painted Guernica (1) in 1937, the painting was not only a pictorial documentation on the horrors that took place on a small Basque town in northern Spain on April 26th, 1937, but a testament to the tragedy of all war that humankind wages upon itself. Picasso says he created the painting to bring the world’s attention to the Spanish civil war and to General Franco’s unusually cruel tactics to try and win this war. In the case of Guernica, this painting has monumental political significance and is still viewed today as greatest anti-war symbol of our time. This massive, mural- sized painting (11 ft. tall by 25 ft. wide) is painted in oil and currently on exhibit at the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid. Even if we remove the political significance of this nearly monochromatic painting, we are still left with one of Picasso’s masterpieces of cubist composition. The twisted, disjointed figures undulating across the canvas create a tapestry of suffering in sharp contrasts of black, white and blue. The Spanish Republican government commissioned Picasso in 1937 to create a large mural painting to help bring to the light the misery of the Spanish Civil War to an international audience. Rather than seeing this very political commission as a limitation, Picasso embraced this opportunity as a platform to use his mastery of oil painting to affect political and popular opinion. Even those who are Basque or Franco sympathizers can not escape from the deep sadness and despair they are confronted with in this painting. In no way is this painting’s political tie a limitation to its greatness. Picasso’s Guernica has been exhibited throughout the world, viewed by millions, and many would argue that this was Picasso’s greatest achievement. Fast-forward 70 years to 2007; Different artists, different politics, different wars. No longer does the general populous receive its information in newspapers or the radio as they did in 1937. Our access to information is now instant and mainlined. In 2004 accounts of torture, sodomy and rape at the Abu Ghraib army prison in Iraq began to surface. The world, including its artists began to react. Richard Serra (born 1939) created a series of litho-crayon drawings depicting a scene of an Abu Ghraib prisoner being tortured (2), arms outstretched like a Christ figure, with the words â€Å"Stop Bush† on either side of his hooded face. The Whitney Museum of American Art used images of this drawing for posters of their 2006 Whitney Biennial at a time when America was still deeply divided over the continuance of this war. This mass-produced, photographic image had become a symbol of the anti-war movement in the United States. But unlike Picasso’s Guernica, Serra is working directly from a photograph of the actual event, simplifying it into a cartoon like image. Thus, Serra’s anti-war statement does not appear to be a timeless piece of art as Picasso’s did. If we take away the political significance from Serra’s drawings we are left with a compositionally stark subject. The politics must be included in Serra’s drawings for us to have an appreciation (or hatred, depending on your political view) of it. This is, perhaps, intentional on Serra’s part, being a minimalist sculptor, to strip the very concept of torture and war down to its most essential parts. The speed at which Serra created this drawing is parallel to our contemporary, insatiable appetite for news and information. It is possible that Serra wanted this drawing, like the actual photographic image itself, to be ephemeral; viewed and discarded to make way for the next headline. In conclusion, the political art that can align itself with our speed of information will be the political art that is successful in the future. Like it or not, we are all involved in politics in some way and affected by the decisions our governments make. If art is a mirror of our surroundings, then at some point it’s going to cross over into the realm of politics. We can only hope that our contemporary artists will utilize the same care and skills to create political work with mature political significance rather than first-idea, sophomoric vision.

Role Of Quantity Surveying Profession Construction Essay

Role Of Quantity Surveying Profession Construction Essay According to Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.1), the role of the quantity surveying has been defined by Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS, 1971) as ensuring that the resources of the construction industry are utilised to the best advantage of society by providing, inter alia, the financial management for projects and a cost consultancy service to the client and designer during the whole construction process. However, the roles of the quantity surveying profession within the contemporary built environment will be discussed as follows: Preliminary cost advice One of the quantity surveyor roles is to ensure that the proposed project is carefully constructed, in terms of costs arising throughout entire design and construction process (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.121). Quantity surveyor also acts to suggest his professional and reliable advices to his client on matter of cost at various stages during the design and construction process. The advices given during inception stage are vital important as the decisions taken in this stage will seriously affect the quality of works to be carried out (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.122). Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.121) stated that the quantity surveyor will offer cost advice for the comparative design solutions of the alternatives materials to be used or the form of construction to be adopted. Quantity surveyor is the recognized professional cost and value consultant, their measurement and valuation knowledge are without equal (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.123). Cost planning According to Williss Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor, Ashworth Hogg (2007, p.126) stated that the cost planning process commences with the preparation of an approximate estimate and then the setting of cost targets for each element. As the design evolves, these cost targets are checked against the developing design and details for any changes in their financial allocations. Quantity surveying profession under this aspect will require the quantity surveyor to allocate the approximate estimated costs into subdivisions, known as elements within a building. Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.122) stated that These elements costs can be compared against the element costs of other similar projects from the quantity surveyors cost library records. The purpose is to provide a better value of money for client. It also keeps the designer fully informed of all the cost implications of the design. Quantity surveyor might also try to reduce the estimated costs by simplifying the details without modifying the design. Besides, contract document will also be prepared on this basic to make the preparation of cost analysis easier. Cost planning will be developed and while taking account of appearance, quality and utility, the cost is planned to be within the economic boundary (Willis, Ashworth Willis, 1994, p.95) Procurement and tendering procedures It is important that quantity surveying profession to be applied during this stage. As stated by Ashworth and Hogg (2007, pp.237-238), role of quantity surveying profession in this aspect will include as follows: Recommending an organizational structure for the proposed development of a project (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Advising on the appointment of the various consultants and contractors in the knowledge of the information provided by the employer (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Managing the information and coordinating the work of the different parties (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Selecting the methods for the appointment of consultants and contractors (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Determining the employers requirement in terms of time, cost and quality (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Assessing the viability of the project and providing advice in respect of funding and taxation advantages (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Quantity surveyor plays a crucial role to provide appropriate advices on the method of procurement to be used for clients who wish to undertake construction work (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.237). There are various procurement methods to deal with the different demand and various situation, client should not select an inappropriate form of procurement unwittingly (Ashworth Hogg, 2007). Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.237) stated that Quantity surveyors are in an excellent position as procurement managers with their specialist knowledge of constructions and contractual procedures. They are able to appraise the characteristic of the competing methods that might be appropriate and to match these with the particular needs and aspirations of the employer. Hence, clients are advised to seek for quantity surveyor for relevant and reliable advices or recommendation before making their final decisions. Due to this, advices and recommendation provided by quantity surveyor must be independently without the intrusion of individual bias and self-interest (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.237). Contract documentation Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.243) stated that When the choice of form of contract has been decided, the next step is the preparation of the documents that will accompany the signed form of contract. The contract documents for any construction will normally include the following information: Contract drawings It includes plans, elevations and cross section. Some other additional details will also be prepared based on the complexity of the project. This will provide information for the client to get the idea of architects or engineers design intentions. The contract drawings are normally provided by architect and engineer (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.243-244). However, the role of quantity surveyor is to collect the drawings and any specifications from the architect and at the same time discuss the job. There is however some more detailed questions will arise, therefore a timetable for the completion of the contract bills will be agreed, along with dates when additional detailed information and drawings can be expected (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.259) Contract bills Quantity surveyor will involve in preparation of contract bills. Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.258) stated that The appointment of the quantity surveyor is likely to have been made at early stage when early price estimates were under consideration. This may be before any drawings are available, in order to provide some cost advice to the client. Due to this, quantity surveyor will normally be needed except for on a very small project, the demand for the profession of quantity surveyor might only to be eliminated (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007, p.258). Besides, there is a condition for contractor who wishes to submit tenders in competition to provide approximate quantities required for particular works. Therefore, quantity surveying firms are then sometimes involved in preparing approximate quantities depending upon the completeness of the drawings and other information from which it was prepared contractors (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.258). Articles of agreement Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.246) stated that This is the part of the contract which the parties sign. The contract is between the employer (building owner) and the contractor (building contractor). The blank spaces in the articles are filled in with the (i) names of employer, contractor, architect and quantity surveyor; (ii) date of the signing of the contract; (iii) location and nature of the work; (iv) list of the contract drawings; (v) amount of the contract sum. Condition of contract The condition of contract includes the contractors obligation to carry out the work shown on the drawings and described in the bills to the satisfaction of the architect. They cover the matter of quality of work, cost time, nominated supplies and subcontractors insurances, fluctuation and VAT. (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.246) Appendix Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.246) stated that The Contract Particulars for the Conditions of Contract include that part of the contract which is peculiar to the particular project in question. It includes key information, for example, on the start and completion dates, the periods of interim payment and the length of the rectification period for which the contractor is responsible. Evaluation of tenders Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.274) stated that In public authorities, tenders will probably be addressed to the secretary or principal chief officer. With private clients they are usually forwarded to the architect or the quantity surveyor. On the due date for receipt of tenders, the envelopes received will be counted to check that they have all been received, prior to being openend. Quantity surveyor will then prepare a list of the tendered amounts after the envelopes are opened. Preliminary examination will be made after that to ascertain which tenders will be taken into consideration for acceptance. A fuller report will be made later by the quantity surveyor (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.274). Besides, according to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.274), the architect will rely extensively on quantity surveyor for advice on these matters. A report will be made for the client, setting out clearly the arguments in favour of acceptance of one tender or another. Quantity surveyor will have to check and examine for the copy of the priced bills submitted by those tenderer who is under consideration (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.275). Financial reporting and interim payments, cash-flow forecasting According to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.286) JCT 2005 makes clear duty of the clients quantity surveyor in this respect (clause 4.11): Interim valuations shall be made by the quantity surveyor whenever the architect or contract administrator considers them necessary for the purpose of ascertaining the amount to be started as due in Interim Certificate. Ashworth and Hogg (2007) stated that Most construction projects encountered by the surveyor will have contractual provision for the payment of the contractor for work done, at regular intervals during the contract period. Between the date of the first interim certificate and the practical completion certificate, interim certificates have to be issued by quantity surveyor at a certain intervals stated in the contract particulars. It is the responsibility of quantity surveyor to calculate the amount for the interim payments during each interval (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.286-287). A professional quantity surveyor should always aware that there are conditions for employer to prevent the employer getting penalties and punishments and quantity surveyor should always provide his or her appropriate advices where necessary (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.288). Besides, clients generally desire the final cost of a project to be no more than contract sum. Due to this, it is the role of clients quantity surveyor to try to manage the costs by monitoring the design and site development and provide his professional advices of the likely impacts and remedies (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.302). It is also necessary for quantity surveyor to review all the correspondence and meeting issued on the project in order to identify the potential cost implications. Monthly financial reports will normally be required to advise the client of the anticipated outturn costs (Ashworth Hogg, 2007). Cash-flow forecasts report will be prepared in association with the contractor since it will be greatly influenced by the intended programme of works. Cash-flow forecasts are used as a basis upon which to arrange project finance and monitoring the progress of works (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.305). Final accounting Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.310) stated that The majority of construction projects result in a final cost that is different to that agreed by the client and contractor at commencement of the construction works. The calculation and agreement of this final construction cost, the final account, is usually of the utmost important to both the employer and contractor. Therefore, parties to the contract need to ensure that the final account incorporates a fair valuation of the works carried out. In this aspect, the quantity surveyor will decide on the suitable subdivisions into terms that will be adopted into the account prior to any abstracting or bill remeasurements. As the list of variations develops, quantity surveyor will be able to decide on how to group them. For example, there may be one instruction from the architect for increasing the size of storage tanks, another for the omission of a drinking water point and a third for the addition of three lavatory basins. Each of these will b e measured as a separate item, but the quantity surveyor might decide to group these together as variations on plumbing. It is preferably to highlight the reason for variation in cost report to acknowledge the client on reasons of the costs changed. (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, pp.315-316) Settlement of contractual disputes Quantity surveyors involved themselves in contractual disputes either in litigation in the courts, in arbitration or in alternative dispute resolution cases (ADR) cases. They sometimes involve themselves as witness of fact or expert witness, adjudicators, arbitrators or mediators in ADR cases (Ashworth Hogg, 2007, p.353) Project management Financial expertise of quantity surveyors make them ideally suited to project management services. According to Ashworth and Hogg (2007, p.376), project management provides the important management function of bringing the project team together and may be defined as The overall planning, coordination and control of a project from inception to completion, aimed at meeting a clients requirements in order to produce a functionally viable project that will be completed on time within authorized cost and to the required quality standards. (CIOB 2002) Quantity surveyor sometimes take overall control and responsibility of for coordinating the activities of the various contractors, subcontractors, processes and procedures for the full duration of the project (Ashworth Hogg, 2007) Ashworth and Hogg (2007) stated that The skills of the quantity surveyor traditionally included measurement and valuation and to these were later added accounting and negotiation. As the profession evolved, quantity surveying profession were extended to forecasting, analyzing, planning, controlling, evaluating, budgeting, problem solving and modeling. The quantity surveyor knowledge has also been developed by a better understanding of the design and construction process (Ashworth Hogg, 2007).

Urban sprawl Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This Halloween, Sean Clancy had the most original costume in his southern Pennsylvania neighborhood. The base layer of his costume wasn’t very exciting at all- a flannel shirt, jeans and boots. However, the next layer really made Clancy’s costume memorable. He tucked a street sign into his belt and draped a GAP bag from his left pocket. He hung a Coke can from his thigh and pinned a Sunoco gas rebate banner on his right knee. A KFC sign was just above his left knee, and Clancy’s mask was a US road atlas. Even among all the goblins, ghouls, ghosts, and Lord of the Rings characters, Clancy was the scariest creature of them all. Urban Sprawl.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the emergence of prefabricated housing in preplanned neighborhoods in the 1950s, the Pleasantville ethic has brought more than half of the country’s population to the suburbs. Yet while the suburban value system has improved the quality of our lives, it has tarnished the quality of our character. This trend of modernization was recognized by Henry David Thoreau more than a century ago, when he wrote that â€Å"While society has been improving our homes, it has not improved the men who are to inhabit them. It has created palaces, but it has not been so quick to create noblemen and kings.† It seems that today’s kings and queens lord over backyard bar-b-q’s, and ride in SUV chariots. But the purpose of this speech isn’t to criticize these kings and queens. What I take issue with is the society that makes them royalty. Herein lies the problem: Our society has come to idealize a destructive vision of the American way of lifeâ₠¬â€one that puts up white picket fences to keep out our neighbors. Rather than valuing what the suburbs used to stand for—community and opportunity—now we first, embrace isolation, and second endorse exclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clancy’s roadmap Halloween mask may have been clever—but it was probably useless. Roads connecting the suburbs to other locations spring up so fast, maps can’t keep up. Many parts of the country lack public transportation that would integrate our communities rather than isolate them. According to the April 28, 2002 New York Times Magazine, â€Å"In most parts of the country, people now spend more on transportation than on medical care, education, clothing and entertainment- combined.† In Atlanta, the average person wa... ... can’t change the ours in the work week or even our commute we can take the time to make time to spend with our family and friends. Getting beyond isolation is only half the solution. Perhaps most importantly, we need to start considering the well-being of others as integral to our own well being. Being part of a community doesn’t mean just reaping it’s benefits. It means accepting that one of our responsibilities is to consider the well-being of those around us. As individuals, we need to start thinking of ourselves as part of a community, and acting knowing that what we do affects those around us. Our sprawling lifestyle simply means that—like it or not—we’ve enlarged our communities and increased the lives we effect with our actions. Pursue luxury and the American dream, but take ownership of its impacts. For the not-so-huddled masses of suburbia, there’s still something appealing about the white picket fences, the 2.2 kids, golden retrievers and even the distinguished title of soccer mom. Granted, giving up the SUV may disqualify us for membership in the manly fraternity of Those Who Haul Things, but through interconnectedness and diversity, it will make us better neighbors.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

 ¡Ã‚ °BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU ¡Ã‚ ± flashes out to the reader in capital letters. This slogan generally embodies the theme that the author is trying to convey. The darkness of the human nature, free will, and control are all the themes that are embedded within this piece of dark literature. The more we read on in the novel, the more we question the existence of Big Brother. Although physically absent, he still manages to instill constant fear with his presence in the people ¡Ã‚ ¯s mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1984 creates a world of totalitarianism in which communism is portrayed to its extreme. It is a world where there is only control. Mankind is the most intelligent beings on earth and it is within its powers to change its own surroundings. They hold great power that will always turn into a destructive force when left unchecked. Deep within the human heart, there lives a lingering darkness that can swallow the weak victims whole, but kept in control by those of strong-will. Everything that happens has to have a reason and here, in the novel, that reason is very clear. It is all about Power, the lust for Power that drives the ever growing darkness. The quest for control and domination is what holds the novel together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free will is suppressed to such an extent that not only devious actions are persecuted but thoughts that do not conform to the norm as well. The Party uses coercive and intimidating stimuli to control the citizens ¡Ã‚ ¯ independent ...

Two Men and a Truck

After reading the case study Two Men and a Truck, I have concluded that the motivational theory used by Mary Ellen Sheets was the goal setting theory. When using the goal-setting theory, employees are motivated when they have a specific goal to complete. Mary Ellen sheets set these goals and encouraged her franchises. Her goal was to have all the franchises have a good experience considering that this is an industry known to cause stress. Two Men has a computer lab where the franchisers are able to check their colleagues spending patterns as well as communicate with each other. This allows them to see what is working and what is not, to help them to be successful. Mary Ellen Sheets business approach to creating high-performing teams within the company was to create consistency within the company. She created Stick Men University, which allowed the franchise owners as well as their employees to learn everything that she has learned. This includes learning the basics such as answering a prospective client’s first call to shaking their hand after the job is completed. Mary Ellen Sheets went as far as building a two-story house at the University to help the franchise owners and employees simulate moving challenges and work through them. After reading the case study Siemens, I have concluded that the motivational theory used by Klaus Kleinfeld was the job enrichment theory. When using this theory, employees who have control over how they performed their job or how they manage their job, are motivated to work better. Klaus Kleinfeld negotiated with the employees to work flexible shifts. He explained to them that this would help to accomplish the work more quickly and cost effectively. By accomplishing this goal, the company would make more money. This would then give the employees more money and job security. These are two big motivators, which would have employee’s performance increase. Klaus Kleinfeld’s approach to creating high-performing teams within Siemans was to encourage the employees to work together to get the job done. Many companies are outsourcing jobs to other countries as a more cost efficient option. Klaus Kleinfeld knew it was important for the employees to work together to be able become more cost efficient. This would allow them to keep their jobs instead of their jobs moving to another country. Klaus was able to motivate the employees to pull together, because he was very open with communication with the employees. He would answer emails from employees immediately, even if it were late at night. This type of leadership is what allowed him to be able to accomplish this.

Albert Fish Essay

Introduction Everyone is aware there are different types of murders out there. All of them take people’s lives but how they do it in each category is different. In the case of serial killers they kill three or more individuals spaced out over a period of time. They tend to go through phases which include the killing phase, capture phase, aura phase, totem phase, and the depression phase. The phases do not happen in a specific order and not all serial killers experience all of them. Each individual is different. However, during the aura phase the killer becomes withdrawn from reality and tends to have heightened senses. During the killing phase is when the killer actually takes the victims life and that normally leads to the totem phase. This is when the killer tends to take a memento of the ‘moment’. For example, Albert Fish would take body parts to cook and eat. Serial killers may experience a phase of depression after the initial effects of the kill wears off, which is norma lly why the totem phase takes place (to prolong the experience). There is also the capture phase, which generally takes place prior to killing the victim. During this phase the killer renders the victim helpless in a way in which they cannot escape their captivity (Kitaeff, 2011, p. 102). It is quite complex and disturbing. Let’s move onto a serial killer case that is disturbing and riveting and claimed potentially hundreds of children’s lives. The Case of Albert Hamilton Fish Albert Hamilton Fish seemed to be a harmless man. He was a great father and husband and no one suspected he could be such a monster. He was about 5 feet 5 inches tall and weighed about 130 pounds, and was quite frail in his elderly years. Looking at him there was no way of knowing he could pose such a danger (Bardsley, n.d.). One of his known victims was Gracie Budd. He found her after responding to an ad that her brother had placed looking for a job as a farm hand. Fish went to their residence and claimed to be  Frank Howard. Mr. â€Å"Howard† stated that he would return the next day to pick up the Budd’s son and his best friend to take him back to his farm to begin work. When he returned he stated he had a birthday part to attend and he would like to take Gracie with him, her mother hesitated, but ended up allowing her to go with him. Gracie and the man known to the Budd’s as â€Å"Mr. Howard† were never to be seen again (Bardsley, n.d.). The morning a fter her disappearance her brother, Edward, went to the police to report that his sister was missing. To the families dismay, the address that â€Å"Mr. Howard† had given them did not exist. There were only a few solid clues that would help police locate the mystery man who had last been seen with Gracie. They found the original note he had sent from the Western Union Office so they now had a hand writing sample to use for comparison. It also showed that Mr. Howard had some form of education based of the proper use of grammar and how well his writing was. They also found a location in common with the addresses that he had given the Budd’s: East Harlem (CrimeLibrary, n.d). She was not his first victim though. Just a year before Gracie became one of â€Å"The Gray Man’s† victims a young boy disappeared from the hall of his apartment building where he was playing with a 3 year old and a 12 year old. The older boy went back into the apartment to check on his sister. When he returned both of the Billy’s were gone. The 3 year old was found on the roof and stated that the boogey man had taken Billy Gaffney. His body was never found (Bardsley, n.d.). Gracie and Billy were not the only victims of Albert Fish. He also abducted and murdered Francisis McDonnel in 1924, among numerous other victims (Jenks & Johnson, n.d.). When an investigator spread rumors that he had new evidence on Gracie Budd’s disappearance the Budd’s received a bone chilling letter detailing what had happened to her. He recounted the memories of him arriving at their address on June 3, 1928. He talked about how he had brought them cheese and that he had invited Gracie to the birthday party he had to attend and that her mother allowed her to leave with him. He also stated in the letter that he had her wait outside of the building while he went inside and stripped down naked. He then waved her to come upstairs and he hid in a closet waiting for her to en ter the room. When she did he attacked her, strangled her, and cut her up to take her to his room so he could eat her. He told the Budd’s that it took him nine days to devour her entire body and that he really enjoyed how she  tasted. He told them how she had fought him and that she died a virgin even though he could have taken advantage of her if he had wished too (Jenks & Johnson, n.d.). Edward rushed the letter to the authorities where they didn’t want to believe the letter but the hand writing matched that of â€Å"Mr. Howard’s† on the Western Union letter. â€Å"The envelope had an important clue: a small hexagonal emblem had the letters N.Y.P.C.B.A. which stood for the New York Private Chauffeur’s Benevolent Association (Bardsley, n.d.).† Because of this clue, the president of the association called an emergency meeting and everyone was questioned and had to give a writing sample. No one matched the writing sample they had for  "The Gray Man.† So, the extended the search, they asked if anyone had taken any of the stationary and one man admitted to taking a few envelopes and pieces of stationary that he had left behind at his old rooming address. When they police gave a description of â€Å"Mr. Howard† she was surprised that the description matched perfectly to an older gentleman who had roomed there for a couple of months and had just checked out a few days prior to police arrival. But, to the land lady, he was known as Albert H. Fish. He had asked her to hold a letter for him because he was expected some money from his son who sent him some often (CrimeLibrary, n.d.). Then on December 13, 1934 the land lady called the detective and stated that Fish was at the house. The detective rushed over and when he entered to room asked if he was, in fact, Albert Fish. He was then arrested (Bardsley, n.d.). During his interrogation, Fish confessed to killing Gracie Budd and Billy Gaffney as well as at least 100 more children. Fish told investigators that he had a â€Å"blood thirst† and that’s why he took Gracie even though is intentions were to take her brother, Edwards and his best friend. He intended on taking t hem into the woods, tying them up, and cutting off their genitalia and leaving them to bleed to death. But, when he met Gracie, she is the one that he just had to have. He gave gruesome details, more than he included in the letter, of what he had done to her. He had placed her head on a paint can and proceeded to decapitate her catching most of her blood in the paint can. He cut her to pieces wrapping what he wanted to keep in paper and throwing the rest of a concrete wall of the abandoned building he had killed her in. He told investigators that he was unsure as to why he wanted to kill her and that he had no thoughts of raping her. When they found Gracie’s body he  stood nearby and showed no emotion even though he had told those in the interview that he would have given anything to bring her back after he had killed her (Bardsley, n.d.). Fish had a record with police. He had been arrested at least 6 times and most of them were right around the time that he had kidnapped and killed Gracie Budd. He also spent time in mental institutions as well. He had 6 children, a wife, who left him when his youngest was 3, and took everything (CrimeLibrary, n.d). When Fish’s picture was seen by a motorman who drove a Brooklyn trolley he was identified as being seen with Billy Gaffney on February 27, 1927; which he also confessed to. He described how he had killed the young boy as well as how he prepared his body for a feast. He said he whipped Billy’s naked body until blood ran down his legs (this was to tenderize the meat), cut off his ears and nose, and split his mouth from ear to ear. Once he was dead he stuck a knife in his belly and drank some of his blood. Fish then cut up the body putting what he wanted to keep in a sack and threw the other parts into the murky water near North Beach (Bardsley, n.d.). During the time of the interview with Dr. Wertham, a Psychologist, he came across as â€Å"meek, gentle, benevolent, and polite (Bardsley, n.d.).† In fact the doctor stated â€Å"If you wanted someone to entrust your children to, he would be the one you should choose (Bardsley, n.d.).† Boy, how his appearances were very misleading. According to Wertham, Fish’s attitude in about the ordeal was complete detachment. Fish even stated that he was indifferent on living or dying because he felt that he was never quite right. And felt that he was not insane but that he was never able to understand himself and who he was. His entire family had a serious history of mental issues, which could be part of the reason Dr. Wertham believed he was beyond insane. Fish confided in Dr. Wertham that he had at least 100 more victims than anyone knew about as well as how he would torture himself. He claimed to have stuck needles in his body between his rectum and scrotum. The doctor  was skeptical until an x-ray confirmed what he had told the doctor; needles he pushed in to far were still there. He also stated that he would soak cotton balls in alcohol and stick them in his rectum and set them on fire, he also did this to some of his victims. He told the doctor â€Å"I always had a desire to inflict pain on others and to have others inflict pain on me. I always seemed to enjoy everything that hurts (Bardsley, n.d.).† At the age of 55, Fish began to experience hallucinations and delusions. He seriously believed that his actions were dictated by God himself. God told him that he was supposed to kidnap, mutilate, and kill young boys. His children had witnessed him standing on a hill with his hands raised stating, â€Å"I am God!† They also testified that they had seen him beat his naked body with a board full of nails until his body was covered in blood. These things lead Wertham to believe that Fish was suffering from a religious psychosis. When Fish recounted how he killed and cooked Billy, Dr. Wertham noticed that he spoke matter of factly and that he seems to get some sort of gratification and thrill from what he had done (Anderson, n.d.). His trial only lasted ten days and it took the jury only an hour to return a verdict of guilty. The guilty by reason of insanity did not work and he was sentenced to the electric chair. While Fish was not happy with the verdict (he said God still had more work for him to do), he was intrigued by the fact that he was going to die by an electric chair. He even thanked the judge for granting him this punishment (Anderson, n.d). Psychological Theories According to Dr. Wertham, who testified at the trial, he believed that Fish was legally insane. With his history of mental issues, his hallucinations and delusions, Wertham found Fish to be â€Å"an introverted (concerned with his self and actions rather than others) and extremely infantilistic personality (mentally under developed) (Bardsley, n.d.). Dr. Wertham labeled Fish as having a paranoid psychosis due to his abnormal makeup and because he suffered from delusions and hallucinations that God was giving him commands to conduct the horrendous acts. It was believed that Fish had â€Å"a perverted, a distorted — if you want, an insane — knowledge of right and wrong. His  test was that if it had been wrong he would have been stopped, as Abraham was stopped, by an angel (Bardsley, n.d.).† Psychological Causes of his Crimes Albert Fish was a gruesome serial killer, one that no one will ever be able to understand fully. A serial killer is defined as an individual who commits at least three murders over a spanned period of time. It is believed that having a history of abandonment, abuse, neglect, and domestic violence may play a role in individuals becoming serious killers (Kitaeff, 2011, p. 101). And, contrary to what some believe, serial killers can and normally do lead what we see as normal lives. They have families, are active in the community, and do not keep to themselves. However, they do feel the need to be in complete control and if they do not feel they are they feel helpless and powerless. Fish’s father died when he was young, his mother sent him to an orphanage where he was repeatedly beaten and sexually abused, all of which could have contributed to what he became (Kitaeff, 2011, p. 102). Fish seems to fall into the typologies of visionary and hedonistic. The visionary typology states that offenders are normally psychotic and they tend to see and hear things that tell them to commit their crimes. Hedonistic is when a murder kills for their pleasure and tend to exhibit â€Å"bizarre aspects which defy any degree of rational behavior (Kitaeff, 2011, p. 103). They also tend to be sadistic and brutal, and in Albert’s Fish’s case, he was all of the above. He brutally tortured many of his victims and then he would savor the kill by cooking up body parts to eat them (Bardsley, n.d.). Conclusion It is safe to say that Albert Fish was not all there. However, can it really be proven that he did not know right from wrong? After all, he did begin to kidnap, torture, and kill before he began to have hallucinations. Even after he seemed to have an understanding that what he was doing was night and he was disconnected and didn’t really care if he lived or died. He believed he was doings God’s work but stated that he was unsure as to why he really did the things he did. Maybe his rough past had something to do  with turning him into the monster he become. But, can we ever really know? It truly is a scary thought because many believed he was just an amazing, caring father who was very kind and polite; not the monster he really was. It just goes to show that appearances can be dangerously deceiving. Sources Anderson, S. E. (n.d.). The Crime and Trial of Albert H. Fish: Divine Hunger. Retrieved September 29, 2012 from The African American Experience Web site: http://testaae.greenwood.com/doc_print.aspx?fileID=C8336&chapterID=C8336-618&path=books/greenwood Bardsley, M. (n.d.). Albert Fish. Retrieved September 29, 2012 from TruTV.com Web site: http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/fish/index.html CrimeLibrary.com (n.d.). Albert Hamilton Fish. Retrieved September 29, 2012 from Murderpedia Web site: http://www.murderpedia.org/male.F/f/fish-albert.htm Jenks, A., & Johnson, G. (n.d.). Albert Hamilton Fish. Retrieved September 28, 2012 from Radford University, Psychology Web site: http://maamodt.asp.radford.edu/Psyc%20405/serial%20killers/Fish,%20Albert%20_2008,%20spring_.pdf Kitaeff, J. (2011). Forensic Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall.